Space
The recent sessions at the Science Summit UNGA79 focused on the intersection of space technology, citizen science, and sustainable development.
These sessions emphasized the role of science, technology, and innovation (STI) in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and supporting the 2030 Agenda.
The discussions centered around enhancing international cooperation, integrating technological advancements, and ensuring inclusive participation in space and astronomy projects.
The summit highlighted the importance of establishing frameworks for global governance, particularly in the context of space exploration, resource utilization, and the protection of space as a global commons.
Objectives
The primary objectives of the summit sessions were to:
– Highlight the importance of international collaboration in space science and technology to achieve the SDGs.
– Establish frameworks for responsible governance of space activities, including lunar resource utilization and safety standards.
– Promote the integration of citizen science in astronomy to enhance education, outreach, and research capabilities in developing regions.
– Foster partnerships between spacefaring and non-spacefaring nations to ensure equitable access to space resources.
– Explore the potential of space technology to address global challenges like climate change, food security, and sustainable development.
Implementing the SDGs
International Space Safety Governance
One of the pivotal sessions focused on the topic of space safety governance, organized by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS). The session convened experts like Taro Kuusiholma, Tommaso Sgobba, and Paul Wilde from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to discuss the need for harmonizing global safety standards in space operations. Taro Kuusiholma emphasized the critical need for a unified international framework similar to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which could standardize regulations for space traffic management and collision avoidance.
Tommaso Sgobba introduced the International Coordination on Space Safety Standards (ICSSS), which aims to create a global forum for regulatory bodies to collaborate on safety protocols. The session also featured discussions on the development of a Space Safety Institute, which would serve as a support organization for national regulators and industries involved in space activities. By establishing standardized safety protocols, these initiatives contribute to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).
Access the report: International Space Safety Governance
Pan-African Citizen Science e-Lab
The Pan-African Citizen Science e-Lab (PACS e-Lab), led by Miracle Chibuzor Marcel, showcased its work in democratizing access to astronomy education and research across Africa. The platform engages over 40 African countries in hands-on projects like the Pan-African Asteroid Search Campaign in collaboration with the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC). By providing training and resources to young scientists, the e-Lab has facilitated over 30 provisional asteroid discoveries.
Dr. Sherine Ahmed El Baradei from the German University in Cairo highlighted the Space-Water-Environment Nexus (SWEN) E-Center, which focuses on the intersection of space technologies and environmental monitoring. This initiative uses satellite data to address water scarcity and pollution in Africa, supporting SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Additionally, the PACS e-Lab promotes gender equality (SDG 5) by actively involving women and girls in space research, exemplified by the work of student Nagat Yasser Mohammed, who led asteroid hunting projects in Egypt.
Access the report: Pan-African Citizens Science e-Lab
The Principle of Space as a Commons
In the session titled “The Principle of Space as a Commons,” Vidvuds Beldavs, co-founder of the International Lunar Decade Working Group, and Dennis O’Brien from the Space Treaty Project discussed the legal frameworks governing lunar activities. The panel emphasized the need for a multilateral approach to regulate the extraction of lunar resources, ensuring that these activities benefit all humankind and align with the principles of the Outer Space Treaty.
Dr. George D. Kyriakopoulos from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens stressed the importance of multilateralism in space law to prevent conflicts and promote peaceful exploration. The discussion also covered the proposed Moon Summit 2028, which aims to resolve governance issues surrounding lunar exploration. This initiative seeks to ensure that lunar resources are managed sustainably, contributing to SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).
Access the report: The principle of Space as a Commons
Citizen Science Initiatives in Africa
During the session led by Keketso Qhomane from Blue Crane Space, the focus was on engaging African students in space science through citizen science initiatives. Blue Crane Space, in partnership with PACS e-Lab, has successfully conducted asteroid search campaigns that led to multiple preliminary discoveries. The organization empowers youth by providing them with the skills to participate in global space projects, thereby contributing to SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality).
Joseph Mafuka, founder of the Astroclub Kongo Central, shared his experiences in promoting STEM education in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The club’s initiatives, such as the On the Moon Again and 1000 Hours of Astronomy programs, have reached thousands of young students, fostering a culture of scientific inquiry. These efforts demonstrate how grassroots initiatives can bridge the education gap in underserved regions.
Governance of Lunar Resources
The session moderated by Marlène Losier from Losier González, PLLC, delved into the complexities of lunar governance. Andrew Lee from Greenberg Traurig, LLP argued that existing treaties like the Outer Space Treaty need to be updated to address contemporary challenges related to property rights and resource utilization on the Moon. The panel called for a new legal framework that would ensure fair access to lunar resources for developing countries, thus promoting inclusivity in space exploration.
Dr. Ian Crawford from Birkbeck, University of London, highlighted the need to preserve sites of special scientific interest on the Moon, such as permanently shadowed regions and lava tubes. The session concluded with a proposal for the UNCOPUOS Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation (ATLAC) to develop guidelines for sustainable lunar exploration.
The Role of Citizen Science in Advancing SDGs
Ms. Salma Regaibi, president of the Steps into Space Association in Morocco, presented on the role of citizen science in advancing the SDGs. The association has organized over 70 events, including competitions and workshops, to engage Arab youth in space exploration. Salma highlighted collaborative projects with organizations like NASA and the International Astronomical Search Collaboration, which have empowered young women to participate in scientific research. These initiatives align with SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality).
Walid Badenjki from the Egyptian Physics Network emphasized the impact of citizen science on fostering environmental awareness and scientific literacy. By engaging over 130 students in projects like asteroid monitoring, the network contributes to building a scientific community in Egypt, supporting SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality).
Contribution to the SDGs
The discussions and initiatives presented in the sessions contribute significantly to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The International Space Safety Governance session, led by Taro Kuusiholma of the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), emphasizes SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). The proposed framework for international space safety governance highlights the need for a unified regulatory body to harmonize space safety standards across nations.
The Pan-African Citizen Science e-Lab (PACS e-Lab), spearheaded by Miracle Chibuzor Marcel, advances SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality) by promoting citizen engagement in astronomy research across Africa. PACS e-Lab’s initiatives include asteroid hunting, exoplanet research, and collaborations with institutions like NASA Exoplanet Watch and the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC).
The Space as a Commons session, convened by Vidvuds Beldavs, contributes to SDG 9, SDG 16, and SDG 17, focusing on the sustainable governance of lunar resources. The session highlighted the divide between different space power blocs and the urgent need for a global framework for lunar activities to ensure equitable access and long-term sustainability.
Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact
The International Space Safety Governance session addressed the economic impact of space safety regulations on global industries. By harmonizing safety standards, the space sector can reduce operational risks and enhance commercial viability. Socially, the governance framework aims to ensure equitable access to space technology, reducing the gap between developed and emerging space nations. Environmentally, space debris management and sustainability measures are critical to protecting the outer space environment from contamination.
The PACS e-Lab initiative has had profound social and economic impacts. It has provided young African scientists with access to global research opportunities, enhancing their skills and career prospects. Economically, it fosters a workforce skilled in space sciences, supporting Africa’s growing participation in the space sector. Environmentally, PACS e-Lab promotes awareness of planetary defense and space sustainability.
The Space as a Commons session examined the geopolitical and economic aspects of lunar resource utilization. Dennis O’Brien of the Space Treaty Project emphasized that the Outer Space Treaty (OST) can serve as a foundation for governance, ensuring that lunar resources are managed equitably. Dr. Ian Crawford from Birkbeck, University of London, highlighted the environmental necessity of preserving lunar sites of scientific interest while balancing economic exploitation.
Impact on the 2030 Agenda
All three sessions contribute to the 2030 Agenda by promoting inclusive governance, sustainability, and international collaboration. The International Space Safety Governance session advocates for policies that align with the SDG principle of “Leaving No One Behind,” ensuring that all nations, regardless of economic status, benefit from space activities.
PACS e-Lab embodies the principles of equality and access, ensuring that African scientists, particularly women and marginalized groups, have opportunities in the space sector. Nagat Yasser Mohammed from Beni Suef University demonstrated how young women in Africa are excelling in space science, contributing to gender inclusivity in STEM fields.
The Space as a Commons session aligns with the UN’s objectives of peaceful and sustainable use of outer space. The discussion led by Dr. George D. Kyriakopoulos from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens underscored the importance of multilateralism in space governance, advocating for an international lunar governance framework that respects sovereignty while promoting cooperative resource management.
Conclusions
The three sessions highlight the need for robust governance structures to manage the growing complexity of space activities. International Space Safety Governance underscores the importance of standardized regulations to mitigate risks and foster collaboration. The Pan-African Citizen Science e-Lab demonstrates how citizen engagement can drive scientific progress and social inclusion. The Space as a Commons session stresses the urgency of establishing an internationally accepted legal framework for lunar activities to prevent geopolitical conflicts and ensure sustainable development.
Way Forward
- Strengthening International Collaboration: Governments, private sectors, and academic institutions must work together to develop unified policies for space safety and sustainability. The establishment of a Space Safety Institute, as proposed in the International Space Safety Governance session, should be prioritized.
- Expanding Access to Funding and Resources: PACS e-Lab’s success underscores the need for increased investment in citizen science programs, particularly in developing regions. Funding mechanisms should be created to support research, infrastructure, and capacity-building initiatives in Africa.
- Developing a Global Framework for Lunar Activities: The Space as a Commons session’s call for a Moon Summit in 2028 must be pursued to resolve legal and governance issues surrounding lunar resources. The UN should take a leading role in facilitating discussions between spacefaring and non-spacefaring nations.
- Enhancing Education and Outreach: Citizen science and educational programs should be expanded to inspire the next generation of space scientists and engineers. Encouraging participation from underrepresented communities will ensure equitable access to opportunities in the space industry.
By implementing these measures, the global space community can ensure that space exploration and utilization contribute to sustainable development, economic growth, and peaceful international cooperation.